Bell Palsy

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Definition

Bell palsy is a sudden weakness on one side of the face.

Bell Palsy: Facial Droop

Causes

The exact cause of Bell Palsy is not known. It is thought to be a result of an infection that affects a nerve. Herpes simplex virus and Lyme disease are some examples.

Risk Factors

The risk of Bell palsy may be higher in people with diabetes. It may also be higher in pregnant women who are in their third trimester.

Symptoms

Symptoms may start all at once or get worse over 48 hours. Problems may be:

Twitching, weakness, or paralysis, most often on one side
Drooping corner of the mouth
Drooling
Drooping eye or problems closing an eye, which can lead to dry eye
Excess tears from an eye
Loss of taste
Sensitivity to sounds
Pain in the jaw or ear
Headache
Dizziness

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. This is often enough to make the diagnosis. Some people may need to see a doctor who treats eyes.

Treatment

Bell palsy can get better on its own within a few weeks. Full healing may take 3 to 6 months. Treatment may be needed to manage more severe symptoms. Choices are:

Corticosteroids to ease swelling
Eye care, such as:
- Lubricant or eye drops
- Covering and taping the eyelid closed at night
- An eye patch to keep the eyelid closed
Facial exercise therapy

Prevention

There are no known methods to prevent Bell palsy.

References

Bell's palsy. Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians website. Available at: https://familydoctor.org/condition/bells-palsy.
Bell’s palsy. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Available at: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/bells-palsy.