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Possible Challenges

Possible Traumatic Brain Injury Challenges

Common Personality Changes

*Disinhibition

*Suspiciousness

*Lack of awareness of deficits and unrealistic self-appraisal

*Reduction in capacity for empathy

*Child-like emotional reactions or behavior

*Uncontrolled laughing or crying

*Preoccupation with one's own concerns

*Rage reactions

*Euphoria

*"Flat" effect or reduced emotion

*Agitation

*Reduced or altered sense of humor

*Low frustration tolerance

*Misperception of other people's expressions or intentions

*Hypersexuality or Hyposexuality

*Catastrophic emotional reactions

Common Cognitive Deficits

*Reductions in abstract reasoning capacity

*Visual-spatial impairments, including trouble with directions, mechanical tasks, or visual field deficits

*Difficulty grasping the main point of a discussion

*Low fatigue threshold for cognitive activities

*Difficulty applying points of interest to one's life

*Problems with planning and organizing

*Reductions in complex information processing skills

*Initiation deficits

*Impaired attention and concentration

*Confusion and perplexity

*Heightened distractibility

*Problems with flexibility of thinking

*Difficulty with new learning and short-term memory

*Basic intellectual deficits as measured by IQ tests

*Subtle communication problems (eg.tangentially)

*Slowness in thinking and performance

*Judgment problems

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Common Psychological Responses

*Depression

*Anxiety

*Panic

*Shame

*Humiliation

*Grief

*Loss

*Sadness

*Irritability

*Deep sense of anger over what has happened

*Blame

*Hopelessness and despair

*Helplessness

*Reduced self-esteem

*Withdrawal from social contact

*Increased sense of dependency on others

*Psychologically-based denial or minimization of problems

*Defensiveness

*Pre-occupation with the past

*Unrealistic expectations of family, friends, and co-workers

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